"For years, the workhorse vessel that moved goods across the Pacific had a capacity to carry between 5,000 and 7,000 containers and it would take up to 10 hours to move a container from the port. But over the past couple of years, ships calling at West Coast ports have doubled in size. At the height of the peak period late last year the congestion was so severe that it would take up to eight days to move a container out of port and on to major importers of Asian goods such as Wal-Mart Inc., Home Depot Inc. and others. ... California ports handle the largest share of cargo moved from and to Asia, everything from clothing and home appliances to toys, luxury goods and electronics coming in and packaged food, fresh produce and scrap metal going out. Peak periods include September and October when retailers prepare for the Christmas holidays and the first-quarter period before the Lunar New Year, when U.S. importers typically stock up for spring before Chinese factories shut down for up to two weeks. Jon Slangerup, chief executive at the Port of Long Beach, says that as ships get bigger, they call to more ports in Asia where containers are loaded randomly, with little attention to the ownership of the containers or their final destination. When docking at multiple terminals at the West Coast, unloading the ships is also done randomly, straining port operators and truckers as they try to figure out which box goes where."
"While the labor dispute at West Coast ports is officially over, it’s still not clear sailing. The slowdown was one of the worst in recent history. Retailers missed shipments of holiday merchandise, U.S. factories closed for lack of imported parts and agricultural exports rotted on the docks. Port officials estimate that it will take until sometime this month to work through the backlog of shipments, and the tentative contract agreement is subject to a ratification vote before it becomes final. Retailers may feel the impact through much of 2015: Consulting firm Kurt Salmon projects the slowdown could cost the industry $7 billion."